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Their company, Brush Creek Media Inc., obtained a trademark on the name "Bear" for a men's magazine in 1991. Over a 5-year period, the magazine grew to an internationally distributed high-gloss format, but still intentionally kept the stark look of Chris's black and white photography. Richard Bulger, publisher, and his partner, Chris Nelson (photographer), started Bear Magazine-originally a photocopied flyer-from their apartment in San Francisco in 1987. Also, many gay men in rural America never identified with the stereotypical urban gay lifestyle, and went searching for an alternative which more closely resembled the idealised blue collar American male image. It was created by men who felt that mainstream gay culture was unwelcoming to men who did not fit a particular " twink" body norm (hairless and young). The self-identification of gay men as Bears originated in San Francisco in the 1980s as an outgrowth of the gay biker and then later the leather and " girth and mirth" communities. Lumberjacks appealed to gay men at aesthetic levels but also for reason of their homosociality, the fact that they were working class, and for the fact that their isolation from urban society (and hence from mainstream gay culture) opened up a fantasy of both secrecy and liberation, within an idyllic, rural, North American setting. Lumberjacks were romanticised and fetishised in gay culture long before the arrival of the Bear concept, and the Bear concept retains strong traces of this older ideal. A romantic conflation of the bear and the lumberjack image provides the Bear trope its metaphorical appeal. Lumberjacks often encounter bears and the two have always been associated with each other. It is also no coincidence that Bears are typically very similar in appearance to the ideal of the North American lumberjack.
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The bear is both fat and powerful, and the reconciliation of these two qualities is at the heart of the Bear concept's appeal. These features include the animal's hairiness, its solid proportions, and also its perceived masculine power. "Bear" in LGBT communities is a metaphorical reference to the animal of the same name with similar notable features. "Bears" are almost always gay or bisexual men although increasingly transgender men and those who shun labels for gender and sexuality are also included within bear communities. There is also, anecdotally, more acceptance of tattoos and body piercing in the bear community. ISBN 1-55583-578-3.] The bear concept can function as an identity, an affiliation, and an ideal to live up to, and there is ongoing debate in bear communities about what constitutes a bear. "Bears on Bears: Interviews and Discussions". Some bears place importance on presenting a hyper-masculine image and may shun interaction with, and even disdain, men who exhibit effeminacy. It also describes a physical type.īears tend to have hairy bodies and facial hair some are heavy-set some project an image of working-class masculinity in their grooming and appearance, though none of these are requirements or unique indicators.
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"Bear" is LGBT slang for those in the bear communities, a subculture in the gay/ bisexual male communities and an emerging subset of LGBT communities with events, codes and culture-specific identity.